Comparative Catalytic Performance Study of 12-Tungstophosphoric Heteropoly Acid Supported on Mesoporous Supports for Biodiesel Production from Unrefined Green Seed Canola Oil

In this study, three solid acid catalysts, namely mesoporous aluminophosphate-supported 12-tungstophosphoric heteropoly (HPW/MAP), aluminosilicate-supported (HPW/MAS), and gamma alumina-supported (HPW/?-Al2O3) were prepared characterized. Mesoporous aluminophosphate (MAP) aluminosilicate (MAS) synthesized via sol-gel hydrothermal methods, respectively, 25 wt.% of (HPW) was immobilized on the support materials using wet impregnation method. The features fabricated catalysts comprehensively investigated various techniques such as BET, XRD, NH3-TPD, TGA, TEM. surface area supported decreased after HPW according to BET results, which indicates that loaded supports inside their pores successfully. density strengths sites before reaction regeneration determined by NH3-TPD technique. Accordingly, an increase in acidity observed immobilization all materials. catalytic performance studied through alcoholysis unrefined green seed canola oil feedstock. maximum biodiesel yield 82.3% obtained 3 HPW/MAS, with a methanol molar ratio 20:1, at 200 °C 4 MPa over 7 h. reusability study HPW/MAS showed it can maintain 80% its initial activity five runs.